5th November 2025

Understanding Boundary Disputes and the Boundary Disputes Protocol

Boundary disputes can be a source of significant stress for property owners, often arising from disagreements about the location of property lines. Whether you are a homeowner, tenant, or developer, understanding your rights and the steps to resolve such disputes can save time and money.

What Is a Boundary Dispute?

A boundary dispute occurs when two or more parties cannot agree on the exact line that separates their properties. These disagreements may arise due to unclear title deeds, historical changes in property boundaries, or even encroachments, such as fences, walls, or buildings crossing property lines.

This is a particularly common occurrence because in the UK property titles can go back hundreds of years, and so the title plans drawn up at the time may be lost, do not show current boundary features, or are of little value as they are usually hand drawn and not to scale. Indeed, the vast majority Land Registry plans specifically state that they are not definitive and that they only provide a general indication of the boundary, which can be out by up to 2 metres in some cases.

A further issue is where there is no definitive boundary features – whilst there are legal presumptions regarding fences, hedges and other common boundary features which can assist, the actual legal boundary is an invisible, thin line not represented by any actual feature. As such, whilst an argument that a fence or bush delineates the boundary may succeed, this is not always the case.

The Boundary Disputes Protocol

When disagreements arise, it is recommended to follow the Boundary Disputes Protocol, a process designed to encourage resolution through negotiation or alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods, such as mediation, before turning to the courts.

The Boundary Disputes Protocol is aimed at resolving disputes efficiently and amicably. Below is a step-by-step breakdown:

1. Establish the Facts

The first step in any boundary dispute is to gather all relevant documentation. This includes title deeds, Land Registry plans, and any historical records that can clarify property boundaries. Engaging a chartered surveyor to measure and assess the land may also be beneficial.

2. Communication

Open communication with the neighbouring party is often the most cost-effective way to resolve disputes, including sharing all available evidence on both sides at an early stage. Sometimes the disagreement may stem from simple misunderstandings that can be cleared up without further action, or an agreement can be easily reached.

3. Seek Professional Advice

If communication fails, seeking legal advice from a qualified lawyer who specialises in property law is crucial.

4. Mediation or ADR

Mediation is a key part of the protocol. It allows both parties to discuss the dispute with the help of an impartial mediator in a neutral setting. Many disputes are resolved at this stage, avoiding the need for costly and time-consuming litigation.

5. Legal Action

If no agreement is reached, court action may become necessary. However, it is important to understand that litigation should be a last resort due to its expense and the potential for strained neighbourly relationships.

Final Thoughts

Boundary disputes can be complex and expensive, but they don’t have to spiral into prolonged legal battles. By understanding the Boundary Disputes Protocol and prioritising communication and mediation, property owners can often resolve disagreements amicably.

If an agreement can be reached regarding the position of the boundary we would recommend this be set out in a formal document, signed by the parties and, if appropriate, registered with the Land Registry. This will prevent future disputes, including with any new owners.

If you are facing a boundary dispute, don’t hesitate to seek professional advice. A calm, informed approach can make all the difference in preserving your rights and maintaining harmony with your neighbours.

Please contact Jonathan Manser for more information jmanser@bussmurton.co.uk, 01892502359

Jonathan Manser
Associate Legal Executive